Obfuscated Files or Information: Steganography

ID Name
T1406.001 Steganography
T1406.002 Software Packing

Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.

ID: T1406.001
Sub-technique of:  T1406
Tactic Type: Post-Adversary Device Access
ⓘ
Tactic: Defense Evasion
ⓘ
Platforms: Android
Version: 1.0
Created: 30 March 2022
Last Modified: 24 October 2025

Procedure Examples

ID Name Description
S0440 Agent Smith

Agent Smith’s core malware is disguised as a JPG file, and encrypted with an XOR cipher.[1]

Mitigations

This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.

Detection Strategy

ID Name Analytic ID Analytic Description
DET0677 Detection of Steganography AN1780

For Android, detect Steganography by correlating analyst-visible device/network evidence and management state; use streaming or batched telemetry only where the documented collector is deployed. Correlate File Creation via Application Vetting / Forensic Acquisition [Dynamic filesystem trace or acquired app-container/filesystem artifacts: open() with O_CREAT on binary-typed path in /data/data// within $StegoExecWindow$ of media file download from same session]; Module Load via Application Vetting / Instrumented Dynamic Analysis [Dynamic API/runtime trace: DexClassLoader() or dlopen() on path written within $StegoExecWindow$ of media download event — download-write-load chain confirms steganographic payload delivery]; Network Connection Creation via Android Enterprise Network Logging / Enterprise VPN [DevicePolicyManager.retrieveNetworkLogs(): DnsEvent / ConnectEvent; VPN flow metadata]. Alert on a sequence or state change inconsistent with the device/app baseline, approved management policy, or expected user workflow; do not infer unobserved API calls, file/process activity, or payload content from management state alone.

References