{"description": "Enterprise techniques used by Brute Ratel C4, ATT&CK software S1063 (v1.1)", "name": "Brute Ratel C4 (S1063)", "domain": "enterprise-attack", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "19", "navigator": "5.3.2"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T1087", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1087.002", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use LDAP queries, `net group \"Domain Admins\" /domain` and `net user /domain` for discovery.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1071", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1071.001", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use HTTPS and HTTPS for C2 communication.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1071.004", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use DNS over HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1059", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1059.003", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use cmd.exe for execution.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1005", "comment": "\n[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to upload files from a compromised system.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1140", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to deobfuscate its payload prior to execution.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1685", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to hide memory artifacts and to patch Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) and the Anti Malware Scan Interface (AMSI).(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1482", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use LDAP queries and `nltest /domain_trusts` for domain trust discovery.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1574", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1574.001", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has used search order hijacking to load a malicious payload DLL as a dependency to a benign application packaged in the same ISO.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022) [Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has loaded a malicious DLL by spoofing the name of the legitimate Version.DLL and placing it in the same folder as the digitally-signed Microsoft binary OneDriveUpdater.exe.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1105", "comment": "\n[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can download files to compromised hosts.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Rapid7 Fake W2 July 2024)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1036", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1036.005", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has used a payload file named OneDrive.update to appear benign.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1036.008", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has used Microsoft Word icons to hide malicious LNK files.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1106", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can call multiple Windows APIs for execution, to share memory, and defense evasion.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1046", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can conduct port scanning against targeted systems.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1095", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to use TCP for external C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1027", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has used encrypted payload files and maintains an encrypted configuration structure in memory.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1027.007", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can call and dynamically resolve hashed APIs.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1069", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1069.002", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use `net group` for discovery on targeted domains.(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1057", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can enumerate all processes and locate specific process IDs (PIDs).(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1055", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1055.002", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has injected [Latrodectus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1160) into the Explorer.exe process on comrpomised hosts.(Citation: Rapid7 Fake W2 July 2024)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1572", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use DNS over HTTPS for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1620", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has used reflective loading to execute malicious DLLs.(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1021", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to use RPC for lateral movement.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1021.002", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has the ability to use SMB to pivot in compromised networks.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)(Citation: Dark Vortex Brute Ratel C4)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1021.006", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use WinRM for pivoting.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1113", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can take screenshots on compromised hosts.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1518", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1518.001", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can detect EDR userland hooks.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1558", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1558.003", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can decode Kerberos 5 tickets and convert it to hashcat format for subsequent cracking.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1569", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1569.002", "comment": "\n[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can create Windows system services for execution.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1204", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1204.002", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) has gained execution through users opening malicious documents.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1497", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1497.003", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can call `NtDelayExecution` to pause execution.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)(Citation: MDSec Brute Ratel August 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T1102", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use legitimate websites for external C2 channels including Slack, Discord, and MS Teams.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T1047", "comment": "[Brute Ratel C4](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S1063) can use WMI to move laterally.(Citation: Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022)", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Brute Ratel C4", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}