Detection of Web Protocols

Technique Detected:  Web Protocols | T1437.001

ID: DET0620
Domains: Mobile
Analytics: AN1681, AN1682
Version: 1.0
Created: 21 October 2025
Last Modified: 12 May 2026

Analytics

AN1681

For Android, detect Web Protocols by correlating analyst-visible device/network evidence and management state; use streaming or batched telemetry only where the documented collector is deployed. Correlate API Calls via Application Vetting / Instrumented Dynamic Analysis [Dynamic API/runtime trace: FirebaseMessaging.getToken() called for project_id NOT IN $FCMAllowList$ — rogue FCM project registration is the adversary enabling C2 over Google infrastructure]; Network Connection Creation via Android Enterprise Network Logging / Enterprise VPN [DevicePolicyManager.retrieveNetworkLogs(): DnsEvent / ConnectEvent; VPN flow metadata]; Network Traffic Content via Enterprise Secure Web Gateway / Proxy [DNS/HTTP(S) inspection or proxy transaction metadata where enterprise decryption/inspection is deployed]. Alert on a sequence or state change inconsistent with the device/app baseline, approved management policy, or expected user workflow; do not infer unobserved API calls, file/process activity, or payload content from management state alone.

Log Sources
Data Component Name Channel
API Calls (DC0112) mobile:DynamicAnalysis Dynamic API/runtime trace: FirebaseMessaging.getToken() called for project_id NOT IN $FCMAllowList$ — rogue FCM project registration is the adversary enabling C2 over Google infrastructure
Network Connection Creation (DC0082) android:EnterpriseNetworkLog DevicePolicyManager.retrieveNetworkLogs(): DnsEvent / ConnectEvent; VPN flow metadata
Network Traffic Content (DC0085) webproxy:applog DNS/HTTP(S) inspection or proxy transaction metadata where enterprise decryption/inspection is deployed
Mutable Elements
Field Description
AppBaselineDomains Per-app CDN/update domains from 30-day baseline.
FCMAllowList Enterprise FCM project IDs for deployed apps. Derive from app developer registration.
BeaconVarianceThreshold Default 15% interval variance.

AN1682

For iOS, detect Web Protocols by correlating analyst-visible device/network evidence and management state; use streaming or batched telemetry only where the documented collector is deployed. Correlate API Calls via Application Vetting / Instrumented Dynamic Analysis [Dynamic API/runtime trace: UNUserNotificationCenter or legacy UIApplication.registerForRemoteNotifications with Apple Team ID NOT IN $APNSAllowList$ — rogue APNS sender registration]; Network Connection Creation via Apple Network Extension / Enterprise VPN [NEFilterFlow / per-app VPN / secure-web-gateway flow metadata]; Network Traffic Content via Enterprise Secure Web Gateway / Proxy [DNS/HTTP(S) inspection or proxy transaction metadata where enterprise decryption/inspection is deployed]. Alert on a sequence or state change inconsistent with the device/app baseline, approved management policy, or expected user workflow; do not infer unobserved API calls, file/process activity, or payload content from management state alone.

Log Sources
Data Component Name Channel
API Calls (DC0112) mobile:DynamicAnalysis Dynamic API/runtime trace: UNUserNotificationCenter or legacy UIApplication.registerForRemoteNotifications with Apple Team ID NOT IN $APNSAllowList$ — rogue APNS sender registration
Network Connection Creation (DC0082) iOS:NetworkExtension NEFilterFlow / per-app VPN / secure-web-gateway flow metadata
Network Traffic Content (DC0085) webproxy:applog DNS/HTTP(S) inspection or proxy transaction metadata where enterprise decryption/inspection is deployed
Mutable Elements
Field Description
AppBaselineDomains Per-app CDN/update domains from 30-day baseline.
APNSAllowList Enterprise Apple Team IDs for deployed apps. Derive from Apple Developer account.
BeaconVarianceThreshold Default 15% interval variance.